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Temperature measurement is a vital task in industrial production, scientific research and daily life. Among many temperature sensors, Versatile Thermocouple has become the first choice in many application fields due to its versatility, reliability and economy.
A thermocouple is a temperature sensor that works based on the thermoelectric effect. It is made of two different metals that are connected at the two ends of the thermocouple to form a temperature measurement node. When there is a temperature difference between the two nodes of the thermocouple, a voltage is formed between them, and this voltage is proportional to the temperature difference. This principle was discovered by German physicist Thomas Seebeck in 1821, so it is also called the Seebeck effect.
The temperature measurement principle of thermocouples can be explained by the movement of free electrons. When one end of the thermocouple (hot end or measuring end) is heated, the free electrons inside it gain kinetic energy and move to the colder end (cold end or reference end), thereby forming a potential difference between the two ends. By measuring this potential difference, the temperature of the hot end can be inferred.
There are many types of thermocouples, such as K-type, J-type, T-type and E-type, etc. Their main differences lie in the metal combination used, temperature measurement range and specific applications.
K-type thermocouple: composed of nickel-chromium and nickel-silicon, with a wide temperature measurement range (-200℃ to +1300℃), suitable for temperature measurement in high temperature environments.
J-type thermocouple: composed of iron and constantan, with a narrow temperature measurement range (-40℃ to +750℃), but with high sensitivity and stability, suitable for low temperature measurement.
T-type thermocouple: composed of copper and constantan, mainly used for low temperature measurement (-200℃ to +350℃), with excellent low temperature stability and accuracy.
E-type thermocouple: composed of nickel-chromium and copper-nickel alloy, with a moderate temperature measurement range (-200℃ to +800℃), with high sensitivity and accuracy.
As a temperature sensor, the thermocouple has many advantages:
Simple structure: Thermocouples are made of two metal wires, with a simple structure, easy to manufacture and maintain.
Wide measurement range: Different types of thermocouples are suitable for different temperature measurement ranges, which can meet various measurement needs from low temperature to high temperature.
Strong durability: Thermocouples can work in harsh environmental conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, strong magnetic field, etc.
Low cost: Compared with other temperature sensors, thermocouples are relatively cheap and suitable for large-scale applications.
Thermocouples have been widely used in industrial production, scientific research and daily life due to their versatility and reliability.
Industrial production: Thermocouples are used in industries such as steel manufacturing, petrochemicals, and power production to monitor and control the temperature of equipment to ensure the stability and safety of the production process.
Scientific research: In laboratories, thermocouples are often used to measure the temperature of high-temperature furnaces, reactors and other equipment to provide accurate data support for scientific research.
Daily life: Thermocouples are also used in household appliances, such as gas water heaters, electric ovens, etc., to monitor and control the temperature of equipment to ensure safety and comfort of use.
